________The standard language is the variety of a language which has thehighest statusin a community or nation and which is usually based on the speech and writing ofeducated native speakersof the language. It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by themass media and in literature, described indictionary and grammar, and taught ineducational institutionsand taught to non-native speakers when they learn the language as aforeign language. Language varietiesother than the standardare called nonstandard, or vernacular , languages(本地话)。